Female Genital Mutilation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Female Genital Mutilation - Essay ExampleThis study outlines that rethink has occurred the domestic has turned out to be an international issue, female circumcision has been renamed to female genital mutilation (FGM), whereas a handed-down practice has turned out to be a human rights violation. Under the scrutiny of the international community, the affair of female circumcision became a capsule of several affective debates regarding international human rights, sexuality, oppression of women, racism, Western prejudice, medicalization and cultural relativism, leading into a burgeoning of discourses and literature on the subject matter. However, misapprehension, uncertainty, and disagreement over the intricate aspects of this concern lead not been resolved. Certainly, the set of literature on female circumcision is to a certain extent dispersed and contrasting, go into different disciplines such as anthropology, psychology, history, demography, social work, political science, epid emiology, public health policy, and womens studies.This paper discusses that unrivaled of my objectives in discussing this human phenomenon is to bridge some of these theoretical limitations through integrating contributions from different fields, ideological and geographic settings and hence emphasizing arising perspectives and associated aspects of the present debates. The tradition of female circumcision compels researchers and commonplace observers alike, inside and outside the intellectual community, to governing body more expansive philosophical and moral concerns. As stated by an anthropologist, the very decision to spare (or not) about the topic has become a political statement, and so is ones choice on tone and terminology.

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Business Plan - Essay ExampleIt serves as a bridge way to three continents Europe, Asia and Africa. It boasts of an educated English-speaking population, moderate living costs, good airlines and telecommunication connections (US division of State. 2007).Cyprus Financial Limiteds objectives are to make an equal and fair profit in the business-to-business and business-to-consumer financial services industry. This goal is to be reached by attaining the numbers presented in the sales forecast and financial aim topics.1. Selling and Marketing Power The services communitys products are made attractive in order to maintain a certain percentage of clients. CFL demonstrates a successful approach in converting its theme into an excellent brand to ensure the conversion of its clients knowledge into their intellectual property, thus creating value for its clients.2. Create quadruplicate opportunities from a single line of expertise Cyprus Financial Limited is able to leverage from a sin gle pool of expertise into multiple revenue generation opportunities business development, market development, personal financial planning, incorporated management services, and tax and financial consulting.Cyprus is now living in an interesting era the process of revision from the old economy to the global new economy brings a tremendous development growth of e-commerce, mobility of capital, and repose to the region. Since the new global economy brings new economics, new market structures, new industry structures, and new company structures, the profile of customers has also changed. Customers have evolved from solution demander to value demander, and from clients to business partners.CFL is a Private Limited guild and shall be headed by a Director, with two full time Account Managers. These account managers will compensate all end-to-end processes, from sourcing clients to providing financial consultancy services, and shall report directly to the Director.

What makes a good and bad manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

What makes a profound and adult carriage - Essay ExampleThe chronicle presents mainly three (3) types / categories of conductors having varied roles and responsibilities. And based on the roles, the document provides a criterion which decides a good or bad manager. Furthermore, keeping in view the criteria, the document provides guidelines for becoming a good manager.A manager is the one who manages, handles or controls diverse aspects include, but not limited to the resources (human as well as technical) and expenditure / cost of one or more activities to be performed for a business or enterprise. in that respect ar mainly three (3) types of manager include the top level manager, middle level manager and low level manager. The designations of the top level managers include the Chief Executive, Chairman, Executive Director, Managing Director, and general manager. Similarly, there be diverse designations of the middle level manager include Production Manager, Sales Manager, an d Finance Manager. The low level manager is usually called a supervisor, shift manager, or shift in-charge. On the other hand, there are diverse areas of manager include, but not limited to the financial manager, marketing manager, project manager, general manager, trading operations manager and human resource manager. It is pertinent to mention here that as the roles and responsibilities of the manager are different considering the type and area, therefore, the criteria of judgment for identifying good / bad manager is also different.However, there are some special K responsibilities of the manager despite of considering the type of manager. The document identifies the main responsibilities of the manager, the criteria to identify a good or bad manager and specifies the guidelines that make the manager good or bad. The following section of the document specifies the roles and responsibilities of the manager. Once the responsibilities of the manager identified

Strategic Management Plan for Middle-East Television Network Essay

Strategic Management Plan for Middle-East Television Network - Essay compositors caseProposed Objectives and Strategic Initiatives to help in Conquering the Middle Eastern Television Market1). Increase marketing vehicles to at least a dozen unique vehicles at bottom the first year of MTN rollout.Strategic Initiatives1a). draw a variety of marketing vehicles (billboards, radio advertisement, youth events, and concerts) that will position and expose MTN to the target market.1b). use in performing continuous advertisement of American themes, music, cultural symbols and phrases.1c). Be able to identify the let out areas that matter most towards promoting the positive image of United States in the Middle East regions. 1d). Engage in joint initiatives with the local cultures as a measure of establishing a mutual understanding between unconnected and local cultures in the Middle Eastern region.1e). Engage in both respective and effective incorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initi atives in the Middle Eastern region as means of gaining popularity and acceptance within the Arab Community. 2). Increase funding for MTN marketing to $5M within the first yearStrategic Initiatives2a). Consider building coalitions with members of Congress. The root is to gain their support and align the effort with the Foreign Relations Committee.3). Increase MTNs number of top-10 rated programs in the Middle Eastern television market by 100% within 24 months of its rollout. Strategic Initiatives 3a). in that respect is a need to benchmark Al-Jazeera television networks top-rated programs that conform to MTNs vision/ agency and produce MTN versions or spinoffs. Budgetary considerations include the cost of new programming.

History homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History homework - Essay archetypeThe four noble truths provide an overview of what Buddhism expects. The third noble truth that is contentment, Buddha assures people of pleasure away from despicable forms the discussion.Buddhism is concerned about spiritual nourishment. In this understanding, there are monks and nuns who assist in serving and control people. Therefore, material possessions are important in giving the monks and nuns gifts for their services. In temples, material possessions are used as offertories to the gods, pleasing the dead relatives as well as offerings to guests (Karunaratna Suvimalee pp 70). Material possessions and worldly goods take in to bring happiness in life in everyone, people next to them as friends, relatives, family members or business p cheatners. From this account, I run with the Buddhism philosophy since it elaborates the true use of genuine wealth.Currently, everybody in the city is a workaholic. This shows lack of purpose in life since the y spend most of their time working. The lack of purpose has made many people sordid for material wealth in terms of money, property accumulations and businesses. With such greed in the mind, they focus on satisfying their needs while forgetting the community.Children during their early stages in development play around with toys to learn the art of being independent. In adolescent stages, people interact with goods to learn negotiation skills and the art of individualism. For instance, women use commodities for their personal representation while men use commodities in finding and exploring new ventures that promote the economy.Human beings have the freedom to choose what they deem right and enjoyable in life. However, during this process according to Buddha, they have to concur wise choices that will ensure effective use of

The Adversarial Justice System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Adversarial Justice System - Essay ExampleThe adversarial system of justice relies upon four presumptions First, that the parties atomic number 18 both legally represented second, that the lawyers argon roughly of the same caliber third, that each parties stake are promoted to the fullest of each adversarys ability and fourth, that the court rarely needs to intervene on the interest of the public. (See Zuckerman & Cranston, 1995).The adversarial process attempts to be fairly and just in that the parties that enter the process do have go over over initiating the action, clearly outlining the nature of the action through pleadings, exploring the legal framework for which their action falls under, and canvass possible settlements to their actions. Each opposing side is afforded these opportunities in legal proceedings making the adversarial process fair and just. But in criminal cases, the odds are stacked against defendants and since the process is ultimately made up of opposi ng parties, the adversarial process is not always fair, just and in the best interest of the public.The Roman do work in European LawLegal systems are set up in an adversarial system of justice. This was, in large part, due to the laws and systems set about by Roman rule. European law has a bass rooted history that stems from the adoption and codification of laws and systems that were originally laid out by the Roman Empire. though there were many interpretations of Roman law throughout the middle ages, and various applications of the law depended largely on the different regions of Europe.

Personal Reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal formulation - Coursework ExampleTherefore, having been fully equipped with theoretical knowledge on this aspect, I depart put to assign this knowledge in my career, as well as in everyday life when faced with situations that mogul require the application of such knowledge.This course has enabled me to experience significant personal growth and helped me to gain pregnant skills that regard to the program. This is important for me in my professional as well as everyday personal life. I have had access to and read different reading material which bear important knowledge on health promotion and disease stripe, as well as development of programs for various target populations. In addition, the various assignments that I have been subjected to throughout the course have been instrumental in helping victor and acquire new information on the area of disease prevention and health promotion. Therefore, I will be able to utilise this knowledge in developing programs that aim at disease prevention and health promotion at different levels in society.Apart from the knowledge imparted in me, different activities that I have undertaken in this course have helped me develop various important skills. First, I have meliorate on my researching skills. The various assignments I have done in this course have required me to do wide research in order to come up with a good paper. Researching on the internet as well as other literature in the print form has highly change my research skills. This is important in my profession. There is wide knowledge and information on various topics today, all in the internet or physical library. Therefore, it is important for one to have good research skills, so that they can choose and utilise only the relevant and valid knowledge. Therefore, this remains an important skill that I will utilise even in future.The course

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Nursing - Essay ExampleFrom this perspective, invitee like for the modern nurse would differ from that of the pledge in three ways the patient would be set(p) in a more cultural context, this context would be assimilated with intervention measures, and client planning would in addition be aligned with not only their medical needs, but also their spiritual and cultural needs. so the basic assumption of the current report is that client centered care is a core conceit that is held up and back uped by both Nightingales pledge and modern nursing needs, condescension there being some differences in interpretation regarding some of the cultural undertones of the pledge specifically. Just as it can be considered in Nightingales methods and theories, in a more modern definition of nursing, nurses must consider meanings and interpretations given to (clients) in particular physical, ecological, sociopolitical and/or cultural settings (Leininger, 2009). In foothold of assessment, in th e modern day, interrelationships of culture and heritage are taken into greater account, so this shows an intense focus and dumbness on the clients and their needs.One benefit of belonging to a professional nursing organization is that the class is more powerful than the individual. If a nurse has concerns, s/he can voice them to a receptive group who will be more powerful. From this perspective, membership has the advantage of bringing the nurse closer in communion and advocacy, with those who may share similar goals. At the same time, the nurse is empowered by being a part of something greater than them.Another benefit of the nursing organization is that nurses can receive guidance and support in terms of education from the organization, regarding how to best meet client needs. In this regard, the patient or client would be placed in a holistic context, and this context would be individualized in terms of the clients own needs rather

How SMEs Differ From Their Larger Counterparts Essay - 1

How SMEs Differ From Their Larger Counterparts - Essay ExampleSome of the main factors that assort SMEs from their larger counterparts include layers of management, individual responsibility, communication, speed of decision-making, attitude towards risk, allocation of resources, formal practices, organizational structure, flexibility, marketing and advertising, environment, and politics. allow us discuss each of them in some detail in order to know how these factors make up differences between SMEs and large corporations.2.1 Layers of ManagementOne of the main differences between SMEs and large companies is the layers of management. SMEs generally have real few layers of management as compared to large companies. They have less number of managers and employees because of simple and short organizational structure. The organizational chart of SMEs also looks flat because of fewer layers of management. Small business organizational charts are lots flat they look like deuce or thr ee stacked rows of bricks with one or two bricks on top (Ingram n.d., p.1).

Banking System in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Banking System in the States - Essay ExampleIn the coupled States of the States, separate financial restrictive structures atomic number 18 in place to regulate the Insurance and financial securities aspects of the banking sector at the State and the Federal level and. these regulatory agencies are controlled by the Federal government in conjunction with the State governments. In the United States of America, thither are laws that are enacted to prevent money laundering, anti-terrorism laws, laws that are meant to prevent usury bestow, anti-fraud and privacy laws, and laws to promote lending of money to people with small incomes, all this fall under the banking sector. This paper discusses the performance of the banking industry in America. In effectively discussing this aspect, this paper impart give the industrial characteristics of the banking sector in United States of America. It will review the pricing, efficiency and profitability of the banksin America as well as analyz e environmental factors that grow the Banking sector in America and thereafter access there impacts. This paper seeks to answer the fol beginninging questions, What are the industrial characteristics of the Banking sector in United States of America? How efficient is the banking system in United States of America in providing services to its people? What are the environmental factors that influence the performance of the banking system in America and what are its implications? The banking system in America is regulated by The National Banking acts of 1863 and 1864 and they are responsible for the populace of the banking system in the United States of America and any other legislation created, needs to be in accordance to this laws. This act promoted the development of a currency that could be used all over the United States of America and it supported withholding of bank assets which includes financial securities offered by the treasury of the United States of America. The Nationa l Banking movement recognizes the office of the treasury regulator whose role is to control the value of the United States currency and ensure that banks gullt collude to manipulate the American currency, the dollar. Banks in United States of America are characterized by the conception of consanguinity banking. This characteristic of the United States Banking system is for the purposes of maintaining profitability . Relationship banking refers to a situation where banks provide financial services by dint of an intermediary. In the United States of America, banks practice these aspects of financial system. The main aim of banks in applying the principles of relationship banking is to enable them acquire information about a client to be used in the longsighted run. These aspects of banking is important because it reduces the cost of gathering information about a client through many proceedings and the information gathered, banks can use them to introduce other services in the e conomy and finally through this system of relationship banking, banks and their clients build a reputation through constant financial interactions and therefore facilitates negotiations of low cost loans. The American banking system is also characterized by emergence of private banks. American banking system allows expanding upon of commercial banks opened by individuals or companies. This was made possible by the requirements of The National banking act of 1863 which allowed contestation in the

Macroeconomic Performance of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Macro economical Performance of China - Essay ExampleThe countrys economic happen is visible in terms of all these parts - the huge jump in per capita incomes, the increased scope of activities for non - reconcile sector enterprises, and its closer integration with the global economy. The Chinese economy grew at a healthy commit of 8% in the year 2000. The growth was stimulated by supportive macroeconomic policies, and a favourable external environment. PESTLE Analysis - an IntroductionPESTLE analysis is a useful tool for apprehensiveness the big picture of the environment, in which you are operating, and the opportunities and threats that lie within it. By understanding the environment in which you operate (external to your company or department), you potbelly cope advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats (RAPIDBI).Specifically the PEST or PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding risks associated with market growth or decline, and as such the positio n, potential and direction for a business or organization.Political Environment Political forces set the legislations and government rules and regulations under which the firm operates. Every company faces political constraints in the form of antitrust laws, passably trade decisions, and tax programs, minimum usage legislations, pollution and pricing policies, administrative activities and many other actions, aimed at protecting the consumers and the local environment. These laws, rules and regulations affect a companys profits. However, there are other political actions such as patent laws, government subsidies and product research grants that support business activities. Thus, political forces influence the organization two positively and negatively. Political activity also influences three additional powers, viz. the supplier function, the customer function and the competitor function.The customer function is influenced by the political activity when government demand for pro ducts and services can create, sustain, enhance or eliminate many market opportunities. Economic Environment Economic factors clearly bear witness the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates. Every market is unique and phthisis patterns change along with the wealth of the consumers in various market segments. For strategic planning all the economic trends at national and global levels have to be considered. Prime interest rates, inflation rates and trends in the growth of the Gross National Product (GNP), general availability of credit, the level of disposable income and the propensity of bulk to spend are the economic trends that have to be analyzed.The potential economic impact of international forces appeared to be severely restricted and was largely discounted until recently. The focus of economic environmental forecasting was changed by the new international power brokers. The European Economic Community (EEC), the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Cou ntries (OPEC) and coalitions of lesser-developed countries (LDC) are three strong known examples of influential international power brokers.Social Environment The social environment is an important factor as changes in the values, beliefs, attitudes, opinions and lifestyles in society create potential opportunities for an organization. For a company to grow, it is necessary to take advantage of societal

Beethoven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Beethoven - Essay Exampleas being both a wide musician, and when he saw young Beethoven first perform at the age of seven, he took him protrude of school and found him music teachers for his education.When he was fifteen, Beethoven had the chance to play for the famous composer and musician Mozart. In his early twenties, he left Bonn for Vienna, Austria, and studied under teacher Joseph Haydn. Beethoven became well known as a virtuoso in some of the high-ranking society circles of the day. He was also known for his talent in improvising music.At the age of 27, Beethoven discovered that he was losing his understanding, and would soon be totally deaf. He most decided to kill himself, but after thinking about it realized that he could in time hear music, if only inside his head, so he decided to keep on with it. He still works even as he was going deaf. His Ninth Symphony, today recognizable by almost anyone even in the first few notes, was composed after he was totally deaf.Beeth oven suffered from with child(p) health for years, and was three times rejected by women he wanted to marry. He died a unmarried man in 1827 in Vienna, Austria, and his funeral was attended by more than 10,000 people. His symphonies, some of which he could not even hear when conducting, are still some of the best known and widely played pieces of music throughout the world

The Count Down to Zero Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Count Down to Zero - Assignment casefulThe Count Down to Zero films by Lucy baby carriage illustrates how the production of the nuclear has become a international threat due to its growth in unexpected ways. Further, the discussion has been held by several(prenominal) leading policy-making leaders including Tony Blair, Jimmy Carter and Plame Wilson on the elimination of nuclear weapons due to their mass killings and long lasting consequence caused when nuclear weapons are used in war.Some of the arguments include, what do you hope the film will perform? The nuclear weapons generally need to be eliminated internationally and the film takes part in making efforts ahead the entire citizens of the world suffer a nuclear catastrophe (Walker Web). Through this, it is clear that the film is by and by saving the world, not for entertainment purposes. Did the President Obamas speech to the UN Security Council Affect the direction of the film?Walker asserts that he was greatly imp ressed by the president spoke in regards to the use of nuclear weapons in war. The policy of President Obama has been consistent and brilliant.Do the film of countdown call for some action?The film of countdown greatly calls for action in eliminating the use of nuclear weapons in war. The film tries to alerts people from different corners of the world to cope the exact truth of using nuclear weapons on war (Walker Web). The film provides ideas of weapon inspection treaties and involving some tough issues in investigating the presence of nuclear weapons in Israel, Pakistan, and Iran.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 214

Assignment ExampleI rely that this is the sign that he was extremely talented. As the presented puts it, every next text that was writer afterward evidently expanded the ides which were created in his two fundamental works. The first one is called The World as Will and authority and the other one is called On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason.Another aspect of his vitality that really influenced me as the decision that he made when he was young. It is said that he could pursue some(prenominal) different careers, including running a business, but he knew that his accomplishments would lie in the academic field. Having learned more or less the idea which were develop by this philosopher, I must admit that he is truly one of the about wise scholars of his century and the science would have been greatly damaged in case Schopenhauer had chosen a different field of activity.It was suggested in the video that he was able to influence a considerable look of peop le who were later recognized as prominent individuals as well. It is quite remarkable to see the style he treated the concept of will and tried to use it in order to explain the beingness as it is. I believe that a careful examination of his legacy is beneficial to all

Wireless communication in business (On the Apple example) Essay

Wireless conference in crinkle (On the Apple example) - Essay ExampleWireless communication permits battalion much flexibility in communicating, because they can do so anywhere they want and with a less restrictions. According to Craig Mathias and Lisa Phifer in their article entitled The Evolving Wireless Landscape, the wireless technology at present is frankly amazing.They furthered that wireless technologies have made foremost development in their quest for broadband.Wireless technology has in like manner entered the world of business. The said modernism has facilitateed the business world in different ways such as wireless monitoring in establishments, control devices video streaming that allows easy access in communicating with people that are distant form each other. It also allows voice messaging, wireless access of the net through mobile phones, and bar code scanning.Furthermore, wireless technology enables people involve in business to easily access to whatever they need for their businesses. For instance, they can surf the net whenever they want through the help of mobile phones, laptop com coiffureers and broadband wireless communication.These assure constant freedom of stable access to the cyberspace with great speeds without the restriction of connection cables. And with these, users could enhance productivity and accessibility.Wireless technology has of course its benefits especially to the world of business. They amend the convenience, dependability and appropriateness of communication thus, allowing people to, first is to stay steadily connected with other people in spite of the location and without being plugged into anything. It also saves time and money as intimately through cutting off seconds of usual tasks like tracking down people, examining items and receiving mission-critical warnings (Wailgum, 2006).Challenges of Wireless Communication there also noted challenges of this said technological advancement. First and foremost is that such technologies are now fill up in the market, giving buyers a lot of different choices making them very confvictimization to choose. Also, wireless technology is mainly limited compared to those wireless alternatives. There is also a delayed factor when it comes to wireless security. Moreover, right of connections mirrors the inherent restrictions of signals that are easily blocked by physical obstructions like mountains, tunnels, buildings, and the noise produce by radios and the absence of cellular towers and sites in a specific region as considerably. Physical appearance of the technologies also hampers the great benefit a user can get. For example, small screens in personal digital assistants or PDAs and other wireless devices limit the user to view the screen at once. Also, short battery liveness duration indicates that the users must be careful in using the said gadgets and in charging the batteries as well (Wailgum, 2006).Just a year ago, Apple Computers launched one of it greatest product, the iPhone. Apple practically surpassed its competitors, with its magnificent lifelike interface and user friendliness, the iphone got 37% of the market share of global mobile phone sales. This indeed has put Apple in the lead and supremacy in the digital mobile phone technology race.iPhone get out practically change the way people live and do business. Its ability to access the Internet, great lifelike interface, multi-touch function, big storage capacity and user friendliness will equip people and business to be mobile yet connected. One fascinating feature is the ability of the iphone to determine the its exact location using google maps, making it easier to find ones way to and forth any destination. It can also assist

Anti Gun-Control Essay Example for Free

anti Gun-Control EssayGenerally speaking, shot control is recognized as the effort to restrict or sterilise the production, shipment and ownership of certain guns. Over time, the issue of gun ownership has become a raw material of controversy and peerless of the to the highest degree hotly contested social issues facing Americans. More often than not, where one falls on gun control depends largely on their political affiliation, their moral standards and their past experiences with fire ordnance store. agree to some estimates, approximately 80 million homes in the U.S. own 223 million guns. As is the case with most issues, gun control comes with a list of pros and cons. The people who staunchly support gun control count their argument would protect society and save lives, while those opposing gun control believe the opposite. present are some of the most well-known arguments against gun control Potential for more offensive Its long been suggested that having a gun allows wo uld-be victims to protect themselves against crimes.Proponents of gun control often point to crime statistics as a sign that gun control would be a positive for society. However, people against gun control heavily believe that by having a gun, people could prevent cosmosy of those crimes from happening in the for the first time place. Second amendment The second amendment from The Bill of Rights grants private citizens the right to bear arms. Thus, people who stand firmly against gun control insist that no legislation, technically, should have the right to take away a citizens guns without first repealing the amendment in question.Bad history History appears to support the pro-gun crowd. Throughout various political regimes, the one continual of a tyrannical government has been the disarming of citizens. Thomas Jefferson once famously said No man shall ever be debarred the use of arms. The strongest reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against the tyranny in government.

Advantages and Cost of Adoption in Australia of International Financial Reporting Standards Essay Example for Free

Advantages and Cost of borrowing in Australia of International Financial Reporting Standards EssayThe issue of toleration of international financial insurance coverage standards (IFRSS) in Australia has been controversial issue since the first time Australian Financial Reporting council (FRC) announced the indemnity in 2002. Many believe that IFRSS adoption allow for lead to great advantages such as bring up financial report comparability, improve quality of financial reporting, attract more foreign investor, and other pregnant advantages. However, some overly believe that the adoption merely result in disadvantages and approach for Australian job, accountancy trading and even Australian regime.Before deciding to fully adopt IFRSS, in 1996, the AASB issued Policy command 6 International Harmonization Policy with objective to pursue the development of an internationally accepted perform of method of bill standards which faecal matter be adapted in Australia. The re were several considerations why government stubborn to do so 1. The existing arrangements for accounting standard setting are confusing, inefficient and not semiconducting to stakeholder participation 2. There is duplication mingled with the AASB and PSASB 3.Australian Accounting Standards are not understood in, and are out of step with, the major capital markets in the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and Europe, resulting in higher(prenominal) be of capital for Australian Business 4. The standards setting fulfill is perceived to be dominated by the accounting profession and there is no real accountability to its users 5. Accounting standards do not consult modern business practice, being too prescriptive and overly technical that imposing excessive costs on business 6.The process involved in standard setting generate failed to attract great input and the necessary level of financial support, with the result that accounting standards are not meeting the demands of constituents (CLERP 1997, pp. 11-12, cited from Pickeet. al, 2006). scorn those reasons, IFRSS adoption is promoted because several claimed eudaimonias potentially arising from the policy especially for Australian Business. The most claimed hit is attracting foreign investors ascribable to lowering cost of capital.Cost of capital can be decreased because IFRSS adoption can fall down premiums associated with the risk of not fully understanding the financial report (Collet et. al, 2001, cited from Gerhardy, P. G. , n. d. ). Another hypothesis is that IFRSS adoption can reduce cornerstone bias that discourage investors from making cross border investment. One of factors contributing to home bias itself is the expensive cost of information to the highest degree foreign investment (Kang and Stulsz, 1997 cited from Cofrig,V. M. , Defond, M. L. , Hung, M. , 2007).By adopting IFRSS, it is hoped that information about foreign investment can be easily obtained and understood becaus e it is generated from universal standards that are more beaten(prenominal) for investors. In addition, high accounting quality, transparency and comparability are commonly associated with financial reporting produced ground on IFRSS that is internationally recognized and represent worldwide best practices. Those attributes alleviate information asymmetries between managers and outdoor(a) investors, thus increasing liquidity and ultimately lowering the required rate of return (Diamond and Verrecchia, 1991, cited from Daske, Holger, 2006).Association between higher accounting quality and IAS/IFRSS itself has been examined by Barth,M. E. , Landsman, W. R. , Lang, Mark H. in 2008. They investigate firms from 21 countries that applied IAS and establish that those firms generally evidence less earnings watchfulness, more timely loss recognition and more look on relevance of accounting amounts. It has been suggested that IFRSS adoption benefits Australian business trough saving in reporting costs.This benefit especially applies for Australian Business that wants to list their stocks in other countries stock deepens. It is obligation for companies to fulfill special different requirement regarding financial reporting of each countries where the companies are listed. By adopting IFRSS, companies do not command to generate more than one set of financial reports to comply different requirement and regulation. It is withal easier for transnational companies to consolidate their financial statement, thus it saves time and money.Beside easy consolidation, IFRSS adoption also simplifies appraisal process of companies to coup or merger with overseas enterprises and improves management control due to increased comparability internal management report between different segments or branches. For multinational companies, it provide ease transfer of accounting cater across countries as well (Uddin, M. S. , 2005). Furthermore, a reduction in audit cost index be exp erienced by companies, because adoption of global standards (IFRSS) merely require global audit tandards, tools or systems that normally cheaper than specific products or services. This audit commoditization will close the expertise gap between the big five dollar bill and force them to reduce audit fee. (Perera et. al, 2003,cited from Gerhardy, P. G. , n. d. ). For Australian government, fully adopting IFRSS is highly likely result in cost saving because the government does not need to spend money for AASB. It is evidence that Australian government fatigued huge amount of money for domestic accounting standards formulation.Another advantage is that the government can surmount itself from any hereafter corporate collapses, which tend to raise questions about the role of accounting and the quality of accounting standards in such incidents (ibid). Take example of HIH collapse. Furthermore, it can avoid miscalculation of investors evaluate liability, particularly tax related to in come from overseas sources accepted by multinational companies (Uddin, M. S. , 2005) (global acceptance). Despite cost saving, IFRSS adoption might also increase overseas companies listing in the ASX (Haswell McKinnon, 2003, cited from Gerhardy, P.G. , n. d. ).It also retains Australian companies listed on ASX. It is disputation of Stoddart (1999, cited from McCombie, K. ,n. d. ) that ASXs wet support on full adoption of IFRS is due to ASXs ambition to become the main exchange in the Pacific Rim. Despite those enormous advantages, it has been argued that IFRSS adoption lead to significant costs. The main argument is that IFRSs do not consider local needs and priorities as every country has their own business environment, legal systems, cultures, language and political environment (Henderson and Peirson, 2000 cited from Malthus, S. 2004). However, to overcome this problem, IASB can accommodate ductile reporting standards that change companies to choose alternatives that are more suitable for their external condition. It is opinion of some opponents of IFRS adoption that IAS is insufficiently expand (Uddin,M. S. , 2005, p. 4) that require accountants and auditor professional judgment. However, overly detail might be contra productive and not flexible in anticipating every changes and differences. Education for stakeholders related to changes in financial statement is considered as significant as well.In a way, companies have obligation to ensure these users understand the changes. Companies also need to provide breeding and training for staff to adapt changes from preparing account using national standards to international standards. Since changes not only rival external reporting system, but also internal reporting such as budgeting system, this training might require huge amount of money. Often, companies need external experts in anticipating the changes such as actuaries and valuation experts that also need a lot of spending.However, this transition c ost is only initial investment that is short marches the cost will be diminishing once companies have already been stable with the new systems. acquirement from UK, based on a survey conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers, majority companies in the UK suggested that transition from local accounting standards to international standards would not require high costs (Malthus, S. , 2004). Coming to the accounting profession, it has been argued that IFRS adoption also put on costs due to the policy. Those costs might come from the need to re educate members of the accounting profession itself.However, this argument is questionable because as a profession, accountants should improve their capabilities by ongoing training and education no matter what. Negative impacts of adoption of IFRS on rule makers such as Federal government and AASB have been publics concern as well. Regarding federal government, it is argued that support devoted by federal government for IFRS adoption (Brown and Tarc a, 2005) might put government under political pressure not to impose rules on Australian companies that are inconsistent with those applied to companies in other countries.In term of AASB, adoption of IFRSs raised(a) questions about the role of the body. By adopting IFRS that replace local standards, AASB might lose its status and role. This loss arguably hurt nations sovereignty because Australia somehow is one of the worlds leading governing on accounting (Haswell and McKinnon, 2003 cited from Gerhardy, P. G. , n. d. , p. 24). AASB might also have limited influence on the standards formulation process under IASB, thus Australias interest and relevant environment might not be cover by international standards.However, this costs can be diminished as suggested by Carrol (2003d, cited from Gerhardy, P. G. , n. d. , p. 75) that if Australia is to ensure that future standards developed by the IASB are relevant to the Australian environment it is necessary that Australia is positioned as an influential drawing card in the international business environment. Having considered both advantages and costs, I would argue that benefit arising from IFRS adoption will be in the longer term worth the effort. The main reason for that is huge economic benefit arises from the IFRS adoption.On the surface, economic benefit is merely enjoyed by multinational companies and investors. However, it will trigger Australian thriftiness development because multinational companies represent greater percentage of Australian economy sources that absorb high reckon of employment. Small medium companies (SME) that is argued might become parties bearing most cost will benefit from multinational companies as a business partners such as supplier, particularly if Australia promote specific regulation to throw out the mutual partnership.This will be domino effect that boost another sectors, thus benefit wholly community. In addition, education cost that is claimed as significant cost only bor ne for short term and will be diminished in the long term. Education and training itself is inseparable part of accounting as a profession that need ongoing training to enhance capability and professionalism. The last reason is that IFRS adoption might be inevitable due to globalization that diminish border across nations and increase mutualness between nations.

Video game console and Pg Essay Example for Free

Video coarse-grained soothe and Pg experimentThe Attractiveness of the Console Video naughty Industry (Porter 5 Forces) Suppliers (Medium to Low) Suppliers include Foxconn Precision Components, IBM etc. for crisp manufacturing, output assembly, video game creators, and content providers. Each supplier would provide a small musical composition of the complete product and as such bargaining power would be low (pg. 282). Buyers (Low) Buyers consisted of various retailers that rock the product and would vary in bargaining strength depending on their size.From the sheer number of retailers that carry the product along with the global presence of the major contentions in the industry there is no single retailer in a position to exert any significant level of power. Substitute Products (Medium) Direct relief pitchers for the console video game industry are personal computers, arcade machines, and handheld game devices which vie for consumer outlay (pg. 279). These substitute s are near in cost and provide no switching costs aside from their price. feature with the presence of a large number of near substitutes vying for entertainment expenditures there is a terror from substitute products. Threat of New Entrants (Low) Large capital investments, distri thoion channels, technological complexities and other critical factors within the game console industry would be barriers for young entrants. Also the creation of an assortment of games and accessories would bring down the threat of new entrants even further as this would be a huge obstacle to overcome. aspiration among Competing Sellers (High)Rivalry within the video game console industry would be juicy. Microsoft, Sony, and Nintendo would bout for market supremacy (pg. 275). This battle would weaken differentiation by competitors developing products that were technologically superior and more powerful than the offering of rivals (pg. 283). This benchmarking move to price wars by competitors squeezi ng profit margins and limiting market share gains (pg. 281). Conclusion With the recession make 2009 gross revenue decline to $382. 6 million from $617. 3 million in 2008 (pg.283) and with the overall assessment of the quint forces the video game console industry would not be attractive.This accompanied by the high jeopardize technological complexities and the increased intensity of competition the industry would be considerably unappealing. Success in the Game Console Manufacturing Industry The 3 4 critical success factors are 1. 2. 3. 4. Advancement in engineering science Price and Strategy Research and Development Quality and Innovation of Gaming Accessories (ex. Games, outside(a)s, etc. ) a) Distinctive Resources/Capabilities supplement by Nintendo 1.Differentiating the User Interface and Remote Value on that point is a high set in Nintendos ability to differentiate its product offering in comparison to Microsoft and Sony as it allows Nintendo to appeal to a new market segment which included people who did not generally play video games (pg. 281). This value is best shown with Nintendos dominance in unit of measurement sales for 2009 (exhibit 4, 5, and 6). quirkiness The user interface and remote was rare as Nintendo was the first to bring together a Bluetoothactivated wireless controller which provided gamers with a wide-eyed range of motion capabilities (pg.280). This new ability harnessed by Nintendo allowed users, to physically interact with the virtual world, importantly changing the experience of video gaming (pg. Pg. 280). Imitability Patent protection would protect this applied science from being duplicated, but the remote capability and interface could be substituted by competitors. In fact, Microsoft and Sony had announced intentions to create a contour of ways for their consumers to interact with games on their systems (pg. 287). (Temporary Competitive Advantage) 2. Marketing Strategy Innovation Value(Temporary Competitive Advan tage) This is of high value as it would allow Nintendo to appeal to a larger market and create an infinite opening move for profit adequate to(p) growth (pg. 281). Also, since this new segment did not require technological complexities and hyper realistic graphics (pg. 281) Nintendo was sufficient to cut down drastically on costs and consume a profit margin of an estimated $50US per unit where Sony took a loss of around $250US per unit sold (pg. 284). Rarity This was rare as Nintendo was attempting to target new customers rather than fighting with competitors for old ones (pg.283). Its overall rarity would be explained by Brian ORourke as he states, Microsoft and Sony spend a lot of clock developing cutting edge technology. Nintendo is not a technology company it is a toy company. It is not interested in bleeding edge electronics and graphics (pg. 284). Imitability This selling strategy could be duplicated by Sony or Microsoft. This is possible by the competing firms levera ging into new ways for its consumers to interact with its consoles as both companies have shown intentions to pursue the casual gamer market (pg. 287).Organization for both Resources Nintendo was able to leverage these capabilities by bringing together the companys research, innovation, technology and functionality (pg. 280). The organization was also able to leverage its success within the DS, and interactive games like Duck Hunt and Track and Field (pg. 281) while centre on differentiating. b) Resources and Capabilities Leveraged by the Competition Sony Technology and Innovation Value There is great value in developing faster and more advanced consoles. As this allows Sony to secure consumer interest and market share by being able to provide a more realistic gaming experience (pg.275).Rarity A focus in technological development is fairly unique although it is a capability pursued by two of the three main competitors in the industry Sony and Microsoft, and so is not very rare. (pg . 275) Imitability The development of technology would be made easier by the experience that Sony had in the research and development of earlier models. This would create time compression diseconomies as competitors attempt to develop similar advancements. (Temporary Competitive Advantage) Microsoft Building a Successful familiarity with Xbox Live (Temporary Competitive Advantage) Value This was valuable as Xbox utilized various PC features.These features included a broadband connection and memory storage which connected Xbox players all over the world (pg. 283). The value to the consumer was the online phonation chat, opportunity to download new video game content, and the ability to play multiplayer games over broadband (pg. 286). Rarity Neither Sony nor Nintendo had an established online gaming community. In fact, this was one of Microsofts biggest differentiating factors to its competitors (pg. 285). Although it had been tried onward this would still be considered rare as cur rently within the marketplace no other competitor had the capability.Imitability The idea was imitable as it could be substituted. Xbox themselves substituted Dream casts online initiatives with Xbox Live. The advantage Xbox had was the ability to leverage advances in both technology and social trends (pg. 283). However it would not be able to be duplicated do to patent and copy beneficial laws. Is This a Blue Ocean Strategy Yes this is a blue ocean strategy as Nintendo was able to give players the ability to physically interact with a virtual world, thus changing Nintendos program line to an undetected marketplace.This change was more compelling to consumers who had never considered buying video game consoles before (pg. 280). In fact, Nintendo was able to simplify its consoles design and focus less on hyper realistic graphics saving capital and also attracting individuals who didnt ordinarily play video games (pg. 281). Even the name Wii was created to emphasize that this conso le was for everyone, which went into a completely different direction then current industry rivals (pg. 281). This strategy moved Nintendo into a larger and more diverse market while giving them a large increase in sales and in profit margins.Marking Scheme 5 FORCES 28/30 Overall this section is super well done. The analysis is gather, succinct and supported. VRIO 30/35 For the most part the analysis is well done, organized, clear and supported. For Nintendos inimitability consider issues like time compression, path dependence and first mover advantages. Im not sure if it is a clarity issue or requires further explanation as the features you have mentioned for the Xbox are for the most part offered by the Playstation 3.There is a possible rarity argument though. Well Done. blue OCEAN 10/10 This section was extremely well explained. MECHANICS 23/25 There is minimal writing issues present. For example, The user interface and remote was rare as Nintendo was the first to bring togethe r a Bluetooth-activated wireless controller which provided gamers with a wide range of motion capabilities (pg. 280). Change to were as the plural version should be used after the compound subject. Overall an outstanding job TOTAL 91/100.

Education Reform Essay Example for Free

Education put right EssayEducation reform has been a heavily debated topic all over the past several decades. This dispute, over education standards, peaked my interest due to my belief that the majority of students in public schools across the unify States are underperforming in comparison to other first world countries. On the other hand close to teachers and education professionals consider the existing policies adequate in teaching students, and they oppose any new regulations bestowed on by the federal government.These professionals fear that the outcome of increased government action willing only issue in further standardized testing. There are a plethora of aspects pertaining to education reform, I will just be focusing on a few, including whether additional schooling controls economic prosperity, if written exams place the knowledge a student retains from a particular course, and should the federal government regulate the education strategy?By beginning some perf unctory research I quickly decided that the United States was in fact in dire need for reform. I chose to investigate further into the issue to find a clearer understanding of what schools and faculty can do to better assist their students.The process of establishing and supporting my thesis was a culmination of multiple components. My Ultimate goal is for the reader to fully comprehend the impurities of public education. My research began with find out a topic, then the research portion of the assignment commenced. Research was not as easy as entering your topic in on a search engine, the sources had to be specific to your topic, from a trusty publisher, and factual. Additionally there were requirement as to the medium of sources we needed to incorporate, such as a book, an interview, and a periodical.

The Status Quo Essay Example for Free

The Status Quo sampleIn Howard Zinns book, Passionate Declarations Essays on War and Justice, Chapter 1 entitled, Introduction Ameri washbowl Ideology, begins with a word of a few instances in history where groups of peck believed that other races and social classes were inferior to others (Zinn 1). The end effect of these instances was that many, if not all told, of the inferior people were killed (Zinn 1). From these occurrences, Zinn concludes that our thinking does not merely spark debates, but ultimately is a variable of life and death (Zinn 1). He also believes that although we live in a democratic country, the ideas of ethical behavior that were formulated by our forefathers has condemned us to accept them as accountability, without questioning why they are right (Zinn 3). These ideas were not framed by a group of conspirators, nor were they accidental these ideas were a result of natural excerption in which ideas were encouraged, financed, and pushed forward by those who were in power or by those who had great influence on the general public (Zinn 3).Although these beliefs were written off as correct, Zinn believes that if we decide to reexamine these beliefs, and cop that they are not natural ideas, we have come to a major turning point we are examining and confronting American ideology (Zinn 5). These ideas that are expressed in Introduction American Ideology, are very sound because they help me to hold why it is important to challenge the status quo. If I sit back and just allow people to feed me information about one fact or another, and I just absorb it all in, then I whitethorn not really be formulating my own beliefs, but accepting somebody elses. There should be a deeper meaning to what I believe further than what someone has dictated to me to be correct. I should ask intuitive questions about why someone views something as correct, and by that process, I efficiency begin to clearly see their idea as acceptable.Oftentimes, many people, including myself, suppress what they believe in because as Zinn mentioned, these dissenting ideas are most often drowned in criticism because they are outside of the acceptable or popular choices (Zinn 4). By doing this, those who believe that their idea is right, maintain power. In a real world example, you may be hanging out with a group of friends at a party when all of a sudden, your friends start smoking marijuana. Everyone but you is an avid believer that smoking it is cool, and is acceptable because everyone else is doing it. You have never ingest marijuana a day in your life, but under the circumstances, you fall into peer pressure when a joint is passed your way. In this instance, you know you believe that smoking marijuana is wrong, but you suppress your beliefs since every single(a) one of your friends is doing it, and by speaking up, your belief will most definitely be covered in criticism.The end result is that your group of friends maintains power over you, and will find it that much easier to influence you to dummy marijuana again. Metaphorically speaking, a great representation of how Zinn portrays the ideas of those in command is through jackpots. A weed is a plant that overtakes the area in which it is located. Once it begins to grow, unless someone is willing to take the time to go and remove it from the area, it remains there. Likewise, the ideas that are seen in Introduction American Ideology, are like weeds because they are established and passed off as right to the general public.Once these ideas are in place, they are profound to get rid of, even if many people dissent them. It must then take a strong group of people to try to uproot the ideas, and replace them with what the public believes is right. Moving forward, I can use the information that I have written about and apply it to my own life. I should begin to feel comfortable in challenging what I do not believe in, rather than cosmos neutral about the issue because a s Zinn mentions, in this day and age that we live in, neutrality is seen as a sign of acceptance in the way things are now (Zinn 7). I now see that I should begin to be my own self, and not just another grain of sand on the beach, living by the status quo.Works CitedZinn, Howard. Passionate Declarations Essays on War and Justice. New York HarperCollins, 2003. Print.

French vs. British treatment of Native Americans Essay Example for Free

french vs. British treatment of primal the Statesns EssayNorth America experienced a great wave of immigration a few hundred years after its discoery. Inspired by adventure, riches, and the desire to escape political and religious oppression, Europeans came to the continent. Two of the immigrations that took place were those of the cut and British. Upon arriving at North America, they did not encounter savages, but rather a skilled and organized people. Both countries took to the innate people differently, however. date the French case-hardened the indigenous people with respect and as people with whom they could swop and coexist, the British treated them as an obstacle in the way of their conquest. The European intruders depended on the help and good nature of the indigenous people, who provided them with food and guides. During this same time period both the Iroquois and the Indian allies of New France suffered great losings of population in the face of epidemics and dis ease. English colonizers took advantage of this and used this opportunity to push their way west. really land hungry, the English showed no respect for the Indians and demanded large amounts of land, as many of them hoped to develop lives as farmers. At one point British troops invaded Cherokee country, burning homes and crops and forcing the Cherokees to surrender. The French were more likely to develop look at relations than to settle permanently on native lands. Their settlement of the indigenous lands in Canada occurred more gradually. scorn the disputes over land, European settlers helped the Indian economy. Tribes that traded were at a vast advantage to those who did not. At first, European trade brought advantages such as weapons, cloth, and kettles. The fur trade in particular do many tribes more aggressive. By doing so the Indian nations successfully used the European nations. The Iroquois Confederacy formed an alliance with Britain in which they were to abscission the French out of the fur trade. At the same time they negotiated treaties and traded with the French. The Iroquois tried to maintain a indifferent(p) balance between the French and British. Both nations feared that Iroquois power might tip the scales in favor of their rivals, so they heeded the threats of the powerful Indians. Many Northeast peoples, however, resented British restrictions on trade. Due to fur trading and the goods they received, many tribes unquestionable more nomadic ways of life based on the movements of bisonherds.The French were open and accepting of the Indians in a social and religious standpoint. During this time period there were a great number of French and Indian marriages. One of the most famous is that of John Rolfe and Pocahontas. By taking the time to learn their languages, habits, and culture, the French made a great attempt to integrate themselves into Indian society. The British were very hostile and made little to no attempt to get along with the In dians. As Anglicans, they did not believe in the Indians animist religion.One of the aspects of Indian culture that dismayed the British was the fact that the head female had the bear over the tribe. This is in direct conflict of the British who were very sexist in their belief that the males were in control and the females were of little importance. While the French put forth an effort, the British simply attempted to rid themselves of their problem.The Native Americans were at a disadvantage in North America after the colonists arrived they were outnumbered and outmaneuvered. The European colonists came to North America to fulfill their hopes and dreams, but in reality conquered the indigenous people of the continent. While the French generally see and coexisted with the Indians, the British treated them as an obstacle with whom they could use for themselves. The conquest of the Native Americans by Europeans forever changed the continent.

Western Civilization Essay Example for Free

Western Civilization EssayBetween the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries, early recent atomic number 63an society began to fear the possibility that witches existed in their midst. The resultant panic led to massive persecution in the form of the trial and torture and subsequent execution of a 40,000 to 50,000 suspected witches, about 75% of which were women, over a period of 100,000 trials between 1450 and 1750. While estimates written in the mid-1970s place the figures at about 9 million women, this is an exaggerated estimate derived from extremist or polemical feminist accounts which seek to create a proto-feminist depiction of this period. Still, it is difficult to cite any other period in which women were persecuted and subject to atrocities of a similar or larger scale. In any case, it was rapid social, economic and religious transformation in Europe during this time that helped set the stage for these witch hunts. Gibbons (1998) notes that the spread of Christianity led to a religious homogeneity that gave path to a declining tolerance towards pagan religions and witchcraft. Additionally, Europe in the early 14th century was crippled by rumors of a malign conspiracy to bring down Christianized nations.In essence, the decline of religious diversity that comes with the hegemonic heraldic bearing of Christianity as spiritual way of life of the common European meant that acceptance of other religions was rapidly diminished. The bootleg Death or bubonic plague which struck Europe during the mid 14th century increase the rumors of the aforementioned conspiracy under the allegation that the plague was the creation of witches and other pagans who ostensibly sought to destabilise Christian rule.The implicit impact of the Reformation upon European Christendom also supports this view. During this period, the number of witch trials actually dropped, notes Gibbons (1998). As such, the conflict between the entrenched Catholicism and the emerging Protestant movement resulted in the collapse of Christian orthodoxy. Also, it is interesting to note that only the nations in which rapid development was occurring that the witch hunt panic was at its strongest.Spain, Italy and Portugal did not experience as untold panic as the nations of Germany and Switzerland. In any case, the prevailing instability of Europe during this time exacerbated the witch panic. Because European civilization depended heavily on a homogenous grain-based floriculture but without many of the industrial (albeit environmentally unsustainable) advances and insurances that it enjoys today it was much more susceptible to the dangers of craw failure.Sociologists cod noted that such crop failures are correlated with the occurrence of witch hunts, with the explanation being that at that place is a tendency within humans to blame inexplicable disaster on a much more known variable (albeit one that is not well understood). Communities which experienced the crop failure would call in their anxieties out on the community members who were considered deviant and therefore concluded to be responsible for such crop failures.Such a sociological explanation is not far removed from the same conditions which gave rise to the anti-semitic sentiment that gave rise to Nazism, which blamed the Jewish people for economic problems. By the 18th century, the witch hunts began to subside. possibly the most significant macro explanation for this decline was the restoration of stability to Europe, which Hannam (2007) describes as creating an absence of the reasons that started them in the first place. For example, the height of the Salem witch trials occurred when theocratic authority was in question. heavy(p)er protections were given to wiped out(p) women when England implemented the Poor Law. Also, radical new works in social thought led to great acceptance of cultural and religious diversity and pluralism.REFERENCESKagan, D. , Ozment, S. , Turner, F. (2007) Th e Western Heritage. 9th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. Gibson, J. (1998) Recent Developments In The Study of the Great European Witch Hunt. Pomegranate, Issue 5 Hannam, J. (2007) The Decline of Witch Trials in Europe. Medieval Science and Philosophy. Retrieved whitethorn 23, 2008 from http//jameshannam. com/witchtrial. htm

Social Networking Essay Example for Free

sociable Networking Es swearThe twenty start-off century is known to be the world of the Internet it is the close to efficient way to get affiliated to our friends, relatives and colleagues. Sites such as Facebook have become very common among our youth today and have influenced our new-fangled lives in many aspects. Being enrolled at a school with everywhere 1000 assimilators you begin to know the reliance that a mass of the students have on Social Networking. As a student myself I have always had an interest in the way community act and the put in that these sites have on both the genial and psychological side of us this led me to the question How often does cyberbulying occur? engineering science allows all of us immediate access to information, which ro intention greatly benefit our lives1. However, it has also provided some people with the means to exploit the innocent, commit crimes, and inflict injury on others. This technology has allowed some teens to take d eterrence that thrives in school hallways into cyberspace1.Bullying refers to any kind of aggressive behaviour, which is normally intentional and entails an imbalance of authorisation or power1. Cyberbulying is also referred to as a complaisant online cruelty which apprise be described as an intentional aggressive act which is carried out by an individual or a group of individuals against a dupe, done repeatedly over a long period of time and sent through electronic contacts1.Research indicates that there ar a variety of reasons as to why people bully2, * Cultural causes mesmerised with winning, power and violence.2 * Institutional causes the place in which bullying takes place, whether the home, school or workplace is non of laid-back standards for the way people treat each other bullying is more likely to occur.2 * Social issues the set officular that one gets more social recognition for negative behaviours than positive one can also run to reasons as to why people b ully.2 * Family issues families that argon not warm and loving and in which feelings ar not shared are more likely to have children who bully, either with in the family home or in other locations in which children meet others.2In relation to why people bully, a survey was conducted from celestial latitude 2006 till January 2007 by the members of Kids Help Phone which had over 2500 respondents3. This stated that more than 70% of respondents to the survey account that they have been a victim of cyberbulying, while 44% said they have been the bully themselves. At to the lowest degree 38% reported having experienced cyberbulying within the last three months3. This was a major key determination as it is clearly evident that there are a large number of cyberbulying incidents that occur, considering that there were further 2500 respondents and 70% reported being a victim is a huge thing, not to mention that most cyberbulying incidents are not reported and go un-noticed.Having investi gated this further studies show that almost most cyberbulying cases go unreported because a large number of youth and their parents theorise that cyberbulying is not a big deal4. However, it has been proven that a victim of this type of bullying can lead to serious disorders for the future, including suicide4. This indicates that when one becomes a victim of cyberbulying, they are a victim for life. Though the bullying itself may go away, the fear, the hurt and the memories scar the victim forever.In a survey that was conducted at Mount Gambier High School similar results were found5 54.5% of students said that they had been a victim of cyberbulying, while 23% said they have bullied someone online. 81.8% say that whilst on these sites they have witnessed cruel behaviour, 33.3% say that they ignore this behaviour when and if it occurs5. This was an important finding as it is apparent that when and if cyberbulying occurs, teenagers who are a witness bunk not to do anything about it. This relates to my previous findings because if people did something about the cruel behaviour they witness online, than the victim of bullying statistic (70%)3 wouldnt be as high as it is. It just goes to show that teenagers have a power that they dont quite realise nor understand.Cyberbulying is a major concern of young people. In 2010, it was ranked the third highest issue of concern for 11 to 14 year olds6. Over a get of this age group indicates it was a major concern, compared with 20% of 15 to 19 year olds and 16% of 20 to 24 year olds6.In an interview with a parent of two teenagers7 (Anonymous), it was evident that technology creates indisputable challenges for adults who are trying to keep up with the relationship problems among adolescents. It is clear that to an adolescent the primary influence are his/her peers and what they think while physical assaults or bullying is bad, verbal or the relational aggression can be equally as bad for certain kids.Many adults dont trus t teens these age because they assume that they are engaging in bad behaviours. They believe that it is the teenagers responsibility to abut to the adults in their lives that they are using technology safely, responsibly, appropriately and for them to sort of take some ownership over that. Its very important to have a discussion between parents and teens so the adults know that the grand majority of teens are doing the right thing online. On average 11% of teens talk to their parents about incidents of cyberbulying.8another(prenominal) interview took place9 with a student at Mount Gambier High school who clearly stated that she believes Social Networking sites such as Facebook are encouraging teenagers to bully, it is giving them more of an opportunity, as on the internet you can practically be whoever you want to be and there is less risk of getting caught. It is common for teenagers to use Social Networking sites such as Facebook to their advantage, having that availability to all those sites give teenagers more freedom with very lower-ranking boundaries therefore reservation it an unsafe place to be. The student said that whilst on these sites you dont think about the risk factors, its more of a spur of the moment thing. She also stated that a majority of the time its more for entertainment or a joke without actually realising what effect it could have on a person.9With this information at hand it is clearly evident that Social Networking sites are definitely encouraging teenagers to bully. Social networking sites encourage people to be more public about their private lives, intimate details of our lives can be posted so easily and users are prone to get out the filters they might normally employ when talking about their private lives. Whats more, the things they post remain available indefinitely. Facebook in particular, by far the most popular social networking medium is encouraging the anonymous by making it easy and accessible to under 18s.A Seni or Research Associate from the School of psychology at the University of Adelaide conducted a survey at Mount Gambier High School in 2012 as part of the South Australian Media Use Survey (SAMUS)10. The study employed the best available psychological measures of noetic health-related issues the survey helped the understanding on how youth use media and its interaction with mental health. A conglomeration of 523 students took part in the study and within that study it showed that 35% of males use the internet to escape from problems compared to 31% of females male and females do not differ greatly in terms of their preoccupation and difficulty in regulating the use of the internet.10 The vast majority of students at Mount Gambier High School report having at least one close friend with symptoms of a mental health issue in which was machine-accessible to Social Networking.10 The known prevalence of depression among adolescents (12-18 years) is about one in five (20%)10. Taking this portend into account, the symptoms profiles across gender were close to the expected norm, although females tended to report more depressive symptoms than boys.10In conclusion, with the expansion of the internet and social networking technologies cyber-bullying is becoming more common and more severe. The research presented clearly shows that cyberbulying is on an uprise with a majority of teenagers reporting that they have been a victim of cyberbully while the other small portion admitting that they see it find oneself yet dont do anything about it. Within my study it was shown that the average school student has at least one friend with symptoms of a mental health issue which is connected to social networking. This research paper is to inform society about what has been going on lately. Cyberbulying is technology powered and bequeath only get worse as technology becomes more widespread hopefully this paper willing help to inform todays youth and parents. If you see any kind o f bullying misadventure in front of you, stop it if possible, and then report it.

Explore Shakespeares Essay Example for Free

Explore Shakespeares EssayRichard II is a do that centres on forceship Shakespeare presents vanity and acclamation using rich language through surface the play to invent the hazards a king must avoid to ensure their position as King is maintained. During the play we chequer the character of Richard presented as vain and tyrannical as a man who is attempting to escape the responsibilities that Kingship brings such as succession and leadership.Written almost wholly in verse, Shakespeare contrasts Richard with his successor Bolingbroke to emphasize how care of the poufdom of England and estim equal to(p) judgement is inextricably linked with beingness a successful King. From the onset, Shakespeare presents Richard as vain. In Act I of the first face Richards interruption of the duel suggests his egotism. The duel gives Richard the opportunity to make a dramatic and yard public gesture, asserting himself as King. As the brawl develops Richard calls Mowbray and Bolingbroke to forgive, forget, conclude and be agreed.Shakespeares use of verbs in the insistent makes this statement a command. It implies Richard has paid little attention to the reason behind the quarrel, and is instead more provoke in people concentrating on his lavish words and public display. The repetition of the o sounds and alliteration of the fs too brings a certain finality to the speech, perhaps hinting at Richards self- measurable and haughty nature which we look at resulting in his demise as King.This narcissistic portrayal of Richard is continued as the duel unfolds. Shakespeare wherefore further emphasizes Richards recreation of power and pleasure in set piece displays of authority with his statement Lions make leopards tame. Richard is referring to himself as the king of beasts and again, Shakespeare uses language to reflect Richards flattery-driven personality whilst perhaps indicating that without firm governing, leopards such as Mowbray and Bolingbroke will be able to attack Richards position of King.Shakespeare emphasises how ineffective kingship is missd by flattery and vanity by surrounding the curst Richard with sycophants who ultimately result in his d letfall. Men such as Bushy, Bagot and Greene are all characters that give the king bad advice leading him to lose the cr deliver. Indeed, it is the inadequate guidance that Richards flatterers give such as to leave England, which enables Bolingbroke to furnish and subsequently force Richard to abdicate. Shakespeare conveys Richards foolishness in listening to these men through the comments from the other characters he creates.Bolingbroke, penniless and York all refer throughout the play to Richards self-deception and craving for flattery. In Act II for example, York remarks that flattery sounds, / As praises emphasising that although Richard con brassrs the flattery he receives to be accurate in terms of truth, it is non and that he is so blinded by sycophancy and self adulation that he gagenot realise his weaknesses and inadequacy as King. Bolingbroke likewise makes the audience aware of Richards reliance on obsequiousness with his references to the caterpillars of the Commonwealth.We interpret the caterpillars to be men such as Bushey and Greene and the term caterpillar conjures up imagery of greedy, lazy almost parasitic vermin who are two a detriment to Richard and the rest of England. Bolingbroke then swears he shall weed and pluck away these men. This continues the portrayal of Bolingbroke as a hero and develops England as an organic entity, which is a recurrent theme throughout. Finally, when Gaunt states the King is meanly led by flatterers he indicates his antipathy of Richards reliance upon flattery.This speech can be seen to be an implied reproval of Richards kingship and is arguably a climax in the tensions between Richard and Gaunt. Undeniably Gaunt expresses his despair at Richards predisposition to flattery at other points in the play too. A thousand flatterers sit within thy crown, conveys the fulfilment to which the King surrounds himself with sycophants. The number thousand can be seen to imply a powerful, almost army-like force which, as well as hating, Gaunt to a fault fears.To say that they sit within thy crown also reflects their law of proximity to the King as star associates the word sit with a sense of comfortableness and security. With this line Shakespeare suggests the flatterers scent no threat from others surrounding the King such as Gaunt. A certain hopelessness is inherent in Gaunts situation, as he will never be able to make Richard understand the exist of being surrounded by flatterers before its too late and they lead to his failure.Indeed, it is through characters such as Gaunt that Shakespeare is able to encapsulate the weak character of the King as he shows Richard as being governed by his flatterers as opposed to governing them, which is presented as the true role of a King. Richards plect rum to length himself from his family and make an enemy of his cousin Bolingbroke is a critical error. His aloofness and hostility towards other members of his family jeopardizes the succession.The succession is presented as an essential cistron of Kingship as without an heir, Richard could plunge the country into bloody Civil War after his finale if those around him disagreed about his successor. This, in conjunction with the divine right of kings is presented as a key element to kingship. According to Richard himself Not all the rough rude sea/ can wash the balm kill from an anointed King. Whilst this sums up Richards self-image of being invincible due to his position of King, it also emphasizes the contemporary view of Shakespeares time that a King is appointed by God and for this reason Kingship is sacred.The term anointed also reflects the sanctity of the Divine in effect(p) Of Kings and the word balm conjures up imagery of a King being coated in a shield created by divin ity, thus emphasizing Richards prestigious role. According to Gaunt, a King is Gods substitute, his deputy anointed in his sight. As before, Shakespeare chooses the term anointed perhaps to symbolise how sacrosanct the role of King is. The length of sentence have with the rich words such as Gods substitute sums up the attitude of Shakespeares time about the tasks of a king and emphasizes the contemporary belief of providence, which dominates the play.Indeed, Shakespeare illuminates the importance of maintaining the succession using many themes and motifs in the play as well as in the storyline. Ideas about blood and Englands condition at the time of Richards rule dominate the story. In Act II for example, Northumberland refers to the dead Gaunt as a royal prince of noble blood. As before in Richards speech at the beginning of the play, Shakespeare controls the assonant o sounds to draw the audiences attention to the family between being royal and having noble blood.Richards commen t lets purge without blood also suggests his keenness to preclude some sort of conflict between him and Bolingbroke. This could be taken as showing his pacifistic side as demonstrated in the scene of the duel or that he is worried about his own blood, as his death will endanger the succession. It is through this type of language that Shakespeare emphasises the responsibility of a King to ensure the succession and the countrys well being. In addition to succession, Richard II reflects the importance of facial expression after your res publica whilst King.Shakespeare presents England as being in a poor state whilst Richard reigns, with the Bishop of Carlisle foreseeing disorder, horror, fear and mutiny- all words which pull in disaster. However it seems due to Richards preoccupation with vanity, he has ignored the importance of good and effective governance. Richard himself realises this towards the end of the play and water is another pattern of language Shakespeare draws on to i llustrate this. In Act III scene 3 we see Richard consciously relinquish the crown.The flamboyancy of his language continues as before in the play as he abdicates, Mine eyes are full of tears, provided his comment that the salt water blinds them not so much/But they can see a sort of traitors here suggests a fruition that his downfall can be attributed to those around him as much as himself and can be interpreted as showing a convert in Richards character as he is faced with a kingdom in turmoil. By describing his tears as containing salt, Shakespeare leaves the actual interpretation of the word ambivalent.One dexterity associate the salt with bitterness either reflecting his enemies resentment towards him, which led to his downfall with men such as Bolingbroke or his own bitterness. Yet the salt also can be seen to suggest corrosion and the declension Richards incompetence caused to England, something he has just begun to realise. Shakespeare then develops the water motif into what can be seen as, a fiction of Richard. He talks of being a mockery king of snow who has before the sun of Bolingbroke break up away in water-drops.This self-description as a King of Snow perhaps hints at Richards previous self-alienation from family and friends whilst evoking images of Richard as being a cold, unfeeling character. On the other decease, the fact Richard refers to himself as only a King of Snow possibly can be seen to emphasise, consciously or not, that Richard never had genuine control of England at all and that his power never truly existed in any other form stronger than the fragile cognitive content of snow and this is what made his renunciation inescapable.The subsequent reference to Bolingbroke melting this Snow King into water-drops can then be interpreted as a direct reference to Bolingbrooks seizure of Richards crown which literally, like soup up from the sun does to snow, dissolved his power. This self-conscious speech from Richard gives us a sense of his despair at losing the kingship but also his relief. Shakespeares linking of Bolingbroke to the sun can also be seen as Richard considering his cousin to in some ways, be a saviour who has removed him of the responsibility of Kingship, which we have seen him to grapple with unsuccessfully.As we see a change in Richards personality, other motifs in the play also alter. The significance of blood from bloodlines to the spilling of blood and damage do to England changes for example changes Thy fierce hand hath with the Kings blood stained the Kings own land powerfully relates to us how Richard has put-upon his role as King and damaged England rather than nurturing it which is the true task of a King. To describe the hand as staining the land with blood creates a very powerful image of Richard damaging his Kingdom.By referring to his hands as the tools that created such destruction, Shakespeare strengthens the amount of responsibility the audience feels Richard has for the strife the country finds itself in. Also to a modern audience at least, the idiom to have blood on ones hands adds to the impact of Richards words. Bolingbrokes fabrication of Richards flatterers as caterpillars is expanded later on in the play as Shakespeare presents the country metaphorically as a garden.The gardeners speak with pitiful regret of the countrys condition and emphasize Richards folly in not looking after his Kingdom. He had not trimmed and dressed his land as we this garden-here the Gardener presents England as out of control and poorly tended to, emphasising how determination and fortitude which are both strengths associated with a gardener are an important layer to Kingship. The gardeners references to noisome weeds also convey the parasitic nature of Richards flatterers and that as Bolingbroke vows to do, they should be pull and rooted away.The gardener then goes on to describe these weeds as without profit suck/ the soils malodorousness from wholesome flowers. The i magery of Richards sycophants preventing flowers of England from flourishing has several connotations firstly that it is Richard who has inhibited Englands emotional well-being. Secondly it can be seen as a symbolic reference to the sparring Houses of Lancaster and York who fought for the Crown after Richards abdication. However, the Garden scene also gives a sense of sympathy for Richard.He states that although he suffered this disordered spring/Hath now himself met with the fall of leaf. This perhaps suggests that as a man Richard does deserve some pity when we consider he had no choice in becoming King and that it is only his role as King that has made him inept and destructive. By the end of Richard II the audience has come to realise the intricacies of Kingship. The tone at the end of the play, when Bolingbrook sentences Richard to death is one of grief. Bolingbroke has assumed the cares of Kingship of which had led to Richards self-destruction.However, during the play we only get a glimpse of Bolingbroke as King and as an audience realise that he has not had time to make mistakes such as those made by Richard. We can instead only see more of Bolingbrokes character in the rest of the series of historic plays, such as Henry IV. It is in Richard II however, that Shakespeares rich language articulates the many different concepts of Kingship and how Richard failed them. We see how the King is divinely appointed to rule, but that his kingship is an obligation to his country, not an opportunity for egotism and the Crown can be forfeited if the King fails to rule well.On the other hand, Richard was born to be King it is a role for which in the play we see him to be ill suited, but is something in which he has no choice. Through his character we realise the many restrictions of Kingship, its burdens and possible consequences. Ultimately Richard cannot escape the trappings of Kingship unless he forfeits his own life. We then see that the only way to escape the aff lictions of kingship is death and Richard conforms to this completely, giving up his life in order to give up his Kingship.

Different strategies Essay Example for Free

Different strategies EssayUsing guidelines on viewing, interpreting, and evaluating visual paradigmry, examine a visual image for its meaning. Develop a written analysis and valuation of the image. The image viewed is that of a building plan of the library. The image contains lines and boxes and labels of the different sections of the building. The image is presented as a full and viewing it as separate sections would likely destroy the meaning of the image. The image as well as communicates to the viewer the consentaneous structure of the building and unrivaled viewing it can identify his/her spatial location in the building. The image is adequate to(p) to tell the viewer that the building is large, has several entrances and exits, it also tells one the nearest comfort room, bibliothecs desk and where a specific book, journal or material is located. Generally, the image is simple and straightforward and is able to communicate to the viewer important information about the l ibrary. Explore how different texts require different variation strategies. Select a novel chapter, a schoolbook chapter, a magazine article and a sack up page, and engage each text and take appropriate nones. Then, reflect on how the different texts call for akin(predicate) and different strategies.Taking notes when reading a chapter from a novel is difficult to do, its that we have been train to read a novel as a complete story, and the notes I had were incomplete and did not in truth tell me what the story is about, it was just a set of conversations I found interesting. variation a textbook chapter is different because it contains a lot of information and the text is arranged to focus on one topic, and so my notes were many and upon reading it, it was actually a summary of the textbook chapter. A magazine article calls for light reading, and unless one is really looking for specific information, nothing is on that point for me to take notes.Most of the information in m agazine articles is commonsense and opinionated and one is moved to argue against the article or combine with it. Reading a web page is similar to the magazine article, however, one notices that the message is incomplete or there are more articles related to it that taking notes is impossible but one web page leads to another. read one of your recent essays. How does the writing show that you thoroughly understood your subject, met the needs of your audience, and achieved your writing train?I believe that my essay was able to communicate that I had a good understanding of my topic because the dissertation statement was focused and enabled the indorser to identify the direction of the essay. Moreover, the essay provided a brief but information-rich news of the topic and its background. Then it proceeded to present my arguments and it was backed by existing information from reliable sources. I also was able to provide an alternative argument so that the reader would be given the opportunity to agree or disagree with my arguments.I then finished it with a short summary and conclusion and an invitation to the reader to engage in the same. Review the wording of a recent writing appellative. What are the find out words, restrictions, and options? What does the comment tell you about the purpose, audience, form, and assessment of the writing? What strategies from this chapter would you use to get started? A recent writing assignment I completed was the personal essay about the most influential person in my life. The key words for the assignment were influential person, inspiration and learning.Since it was a personal essay the only restrictions was that names should not be used, although one could identify the relationship of the person to the writer. The option given was that in the event that one could not identify a person, then it could be a personal experience. The writing assignment implied that it was exhalation to be a personal essay that the use of first person is allowed and that it was casual and emotional and the purpose is to share with readers a very personal part of my life. I would be able to use the cerebrate exercise, as well as the dialogue writing and how to convey emotions in what we write.

Ethics Essay Example for Free

Ethics EssayBusinesses ar concerned with their conjunction fancy, breaking of the justnesss in work related duties and any doing that bequeath involve a fairness lawsuit against the ships association. This is mainly their reputation and restoring it will involve a lot of m cardinaly. To avoid all of this, they adapt a example behavior in realizeing what is right and wrong for the company. Therefore ethics are derived from the moral obligations, profit maximization and in following the laws set. In valet ethics, an privateistic is expected to pr n geniusthelesst harm, be fair and just, respect the opinion of new(prenominal)s, have a heart for other(a)s, to be h unitaryst and wiling to comply with the law (Pojman, 2004). In professionalism, there is need for objectivity and impartiality, avoidance of interlocking of interest, confidentiality of information, duty of care respected, integrity and erective disclosure of information. History of utilitarianism A propo sition on utilitarianism lie with Hume only if its formulation and earning identification is received by Bentham. It was incorporated during the 18th century. It was intended to view the teaching of public utility and the motivation of benevolentity beings. They found out that delight and pain were humans utility and that what generates to a greater extent satisfaction to many hatful is the ultimate right.However, having a large number being happy was difficult thus they settled for principle of happiness to represent utilitarianism. Since then, it has been an influence to economics and apply to brave out different political moves. Introduction Utilitarianism is a principle of moral ethics. It supports that a moral right locomoteion in a situation is the one that produces more than advantages than disadvantages (Buckle, 2007). Many individuals use this type of ethics in daily closes as it brings more benefits even if lies or manipulation of others were used.It is eas ily aid sin decision making process. The required courses of exertions are set then their advantages and disadvantages in prize are highlighted and lastly the action that generates more advantages is then selected to be morally right. It is characterized by the relevant consequences, impartiality and neutrality of the action as every soulfulnesss happiness is counted the same. The act and rule utilitarianism are its types and have been competing on which real should be followed. In act, what benefits the citizenry more is the right morals despite their different feelings.However, the rule type acknowledges the justice, fairness and benefits a large number of people. Therefore the rule values the people feelings, their laws and the benefits. They both have problems in comparing the exact consequences value in funds and happiness since they all differ. They believe in obligation to the social club and not the act of being a heroine. Since it is consequences on choice, they ten d to predict the future. However, act type will be approbatory to one today and may be unfavorable the next day. The rule type on the other hand, is very instable on what is actually morally right.Utilitarianism can be objective in financial backing the effect that the rightness of an activity is whether it would indeed encourage and promote the erectness of the already available acts to the agents. On the other side, it can adjourn the form of subjective utilitarianism. It involves that when choosing an activity one should primary determine which activities of those available would in general promote the good more than the others, then chose that activity. Critics against utilitarianism It is difficult t assign value in currency form to certain items and acts such as human life, happiness, pain, pleasure and more feelings (Pojman, 2004).They could be representing oppositions ideas in the sense that aroundones pleasure could be another individuals pain. This does straighten out the comparison of values difficult for a person to choose what action will give a high better pleasure. The benefits and costs value may be underestimated or overestimated. This principle violates the human witting acts and the different personal ideas in interest of more valuable advantages of an action. Its like it gives us authority to do harm but specifically little harm in order to gain. In testify then, little or more harm is still harm, it never changes.Lying for the sake of saving more benefits represents an injustice to human kind. It does not promote justice but rules in favor of injustice. It is difficult to know how right an action is when the law seconds some offences committed with the excuse of the principle of utilitarianism. It does not follow the law guide thus can at all times be interchanged to commit plague. The integrity, reputation and image of a person are confused with utilitarianism ethics. The consequences of a lie for the sake of creating more pr ofits to a company, kills the integrity that was taught of being present.Maintenance of reputation is not easy and therefore loosing the little you have will mean a slow start in creating another image. It does not encourage creativity and study of products and services as it tends to cut out considerations of new ideas generation. To other individual this is a difference making on what and how they feel. They argue that each one is responsible for what hey do and not the value of how they do it. An individual might be creative and willing to undertake his idea a step ahead and achieve it, may not succeed at all if the majority umber do not support his idea.Therefore, a chance of having had to grow an idea in other people no matte how good it would have been, is lost because of this system. It relies full(a)ly on a single principle of ethics thus an action committed could either produce best or worst consequences despite the argument that it will grant more benefits. Different p rinciples in deciding what is right or wrong have to be used on a single action so as to make the solution effective and efficient. It uses the human being as means to an end of suitable action by only considering happiness and equating it as the main pleasure of a person.By only counting happiness, it encourages individuals to do the right things for an entire wrong reason. After all, they can justify the evil doing as their happiness. The theory also concentrate on a belief that human are common in nature thus desires same things. It discourages the individuals tastes and preferences. Some people even appreciate more things than others who do not even take an narration of the thing presence. Humans are very different in personalities and their goals also differ. Grouping them a sonly one group of nature, is not justice and happiness at all.It does not take into considerations the potential purport of an individual in carrying out an action. An individual could be fulfilling his evil motives on an individual but ends up defending himself using the utility benefits thus being set free and innocent. Every action should be accounted for legally so truth of right and wrong could be identified. A person stealing money and justifying it that it was to be used for a sick person medical expenses, might b lying or not. He might be a thief in the making. Critics in support of utilitarianism In human moral life, majority value the self sacrificial factor and happiness.Utilitarianism supports these morals in their decisions as some are sacrificed and the happiness of the people affected by the consequence mattering a lot (Mayer, 2009). An individual cognise for self sacrificial mostly promotes peace, loyalty and unity. If an organization is willing to sacrifice some items for the entire society benefits, it is received well and brings happiness which is the goal of utilitarianism. It promotes equality, impartiality, fairness and neutrality in all its decisions (Buckl e, 2007). This is because to them no one deserves special treatment at the expense of another as they are all equal.A decision is basically made from everybodys point of view with consideration of the majority. If the majority needs a company closed down, then that percentage would be a representation that every individual of that area wants the company closed. The consideration of the outcome of an activity is important. This theory is in support of knowing the consequences first before working class an action. The consequences received should be of great value that would not contribute to pain but joy. These would prepare the users to strikingness the outcome with an open mind as they had been expecting it.They could be outcomes based on researches or people personal experiences. In addition, it aids in future planning of activities leading to enhancement of efficiency. This system is straightforward and come out in evaluation because it conveniently uses one denominator in its evaluation calculations. Therefore, it becomes easy in resolving conflict interests for straightforward answers to the decision. An easy way to resolve things is many people choice as many of them understand it, support it and ready to conceptualize into their daily activities.This ensures less money and minimal time spent in evaluations process. Nietzsche on ethical concept, background and theories He explained that the existence of structure theories is as a result of leading who dominate their decisions over others. He argues that it is through self consciousness that one can determine the evil and the good with its both doers. He did not support the utilitarianism principle of ethics and argued that it placed too some(prenominal) emphasis on the large numbers of people instead of an individual that his personal welfare is lost to the general crowd.In addition, his other reason was that humans do things just to survive in this founding even if they were unpleasant or unhappy. Utilitarianism show there is a wrong and a right but according to him this are the terms men use to interpret a situation or experience. He believes human will be motivated by to many thing snot only pleasure, happiness and pain. Aristotle ethical concepts, background and theories He showed that conduct depended on the role of an individual habit. He said that it was in between pleasures and pain that allowed one to choose which indeed was right or wrong.Being a personal credit line minded person, he advices that the root to fairness, justice and happiness is in asking questions. He does not uses utility in his work but stresses that the behavior of a person is what is reflected on his performance and goodness, thus supporting the theory of virtue of ethics and not consequences (History of Utilitarianism, 2009). He campaigned that happiness of a person could only be known after his life and thus could not be short termed using utilitarianism. ConclusionsUtilitarianism should take into account that not only making people happy is a pleasure but also involving one in the success of the project, institution, a career and a cause to ensure that they are committed. Many people though support it because it is easy to use, they have practice of using it daily and it tends to avoid the divine revelation of living morally but outside the belief in a supernatural being. A person deciding should include other principles and theories of ethics that are likely to affect an action and determine if they are right or wrong.They could use principle of virtue, moral right, egoism, deontological, justice and fairness and their emotions reflected in their feelings. This would give a wide reflection balance of the choice picked. In all the actions an individual undertakes from a selection, he should first weigh their goodness and badness and not necessarily through its money value alone. One should be able to know how the action would affect him, the law and the society. An evi l action such as kill a corrupt leader for money should not be justified that it made everyone evil that had locomote into his corrupt evils.