The Ethics Of Capital Punishment Essay - 1675 Words

The number of individuals executed via the Death Penalty peaked in 1999 and has been receding at a dramatic rate. As it is becoming less frequently used, its necessity and morality has been called into question. Both sides of the argument offer convincing arguments; however, mounting evidence shows it is cost-prohibitive, it fails to act as a deterrent, it is racially biased, and that the justice system is fallible. I will analyze both sides critically to try and gain insight into why we are part of the 29% of countries who choose to retain it as a form of punishment. Moreover, the two ethical theories I will use to carry out this analysis involve the Harm Principle and Moral Relativism. Both ethical theories can support the pro and con side, so I will be using both as I look at each side of the debate. Using the principles outlined in the Harm Principle and Moral Relativism, I will analyze the morality of capital punishment and access which side the theories gravitate towards. To be gin, I will analyze the international underdog, the argument in support for maintaining capital punishment. In â€Å"In Liberty,† J. S Mill discusses that â€Å"...until your actions harm people, society can’t limit your free will. Laws are created to protect people from harm† (Marfori). When an individual commits a crime worthy of receiving the Death Penalty it is evident that they are a potential threat to endangering the life of others, in many cases they have already committed murder or anotherShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Capital Punishment923 Words   |  4 Pages Capital punishment is a sentence that is given to someone that has committed a capital crime. This is a subject of great debate; some people agree and some do not. There are times when a crime is so heinous that the majority would seek capital punishment. Susan Gissendaner received this sentence for plotting to kill her husband, although her boyfriend actually killed her husband. Since being in prison, Susan has undergone a conversion and transformation. She is now a model prisoner. DueRead More The Ethics of Capital Punishment Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ethics of Capital Punishment Ethics is the study of standards of right and wrong; that part of philosophy dealing with moral conduct, duty and judgement.[1] Capital Punishment is the death penalty for a crime.[2] The word capital in capital punishment refers to a persons head as in the past; people were often executed by severing their head from their body. Since the early 1800s, most executions have resulted from convictions for murder. The death penaltyRead MoreThe Ethics of Capital Punishment Essay1608 Words   |  7 PagesShould one person have the right to end another humans life? It is a question most people have the answer for when it comes to capital punishment. Capital punishment is known to some people one of the cruelest punishment to humanity. Some people believe giving a person the death penalty does not solve anything. While others believe it is payback to the criminal for the crime they have committed. There have been 13,000 people executed since the colonial times, among 1900 and 1985 there were 139Read MoreThe Ethics of Capital Punishment Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesanother? The disciplinary act of capital punishment, punishment through death, has been a major debate in the United States for years. Those in support of capital punishment believe that it is an end to the reoccurrence of a repeat murderer. The public has, for many years, been in favor of this few and pro-death penal ty. Yet as time goes on, records show a decrease in the public and the state’s support of the continuation of capital punishment. Those against capital punishment believe it is an immoral,Read MoreThe Ethics of Capital Punishment Essay examples1501 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States only 38 states have capital punishment statutes. As of year ended in 1999, in Texas, the state had executed 496 prisoners since 1930. The laws in the United States have change drastically in regards to capital punishment. An example of this would be the years from 1968 to 1977 due to the nearly 10 year moratorium. During those years, the Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment violated the Eight Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment. However, this ended in 1976, whenRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Legal950 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment is still used in the United States, and there has been 152 people that has been released from death row since 1973. T here has been many more people that were not released but executed and possibly innocent. Kantian ethics is the theory that says the moral actions are not determined by the consequences but by the right nature of the action. Capital punishment may be questionable with some cases of innocents, with that being said the use of capital punishment should only be usedRead MoreSociology and Religion1517 Words   |  6 PagesBartkowski and Cullen explore in their article, â€Å"God Imagery and Opposition to Abortion and Capital Punishment: A Partial Test of Religious Support for the Consistent Life Ethic†, as to whether having a close relationship with God will allow people to oppose both capital punishment and abortion, the consistent life ethic. Research Question The hypothesis that researchers concluded for the consistent life ethic study was that, â€Å"We [the researchers] hypothesize that Americans who have a close relationshipRead MoreCapital Punishment : Imposition Of A Penalty Of Death By The State Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment: Imposition of a penalty of death by the state. Capital punishment has been widely practiced ever since ancient times, as far back as 1500 B.C. From the fall of Rome to the beginning of modern times, capital punishment has been practiced all over the world. However, the problem in the justice system is that the death penalty can be wrongfully applied. This is rare but it does happen, the falsely incriminated is sentenced and executed. It is important that the government stillRead MoreIs Capital Punishment Ever Morally or Ethically Permissible?1599 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Capital punishment is never morally justified, and feminist, progressive and socialist ethics would always consider the social and family environment that produced the criminal in the first place, including poverty, racism, segregation or other types of oppression. It would also examine ways that society could be reformed on restricted in ways that would reduce oppression, such as ending the ghettoization of minorities or the extreme inequality between rich and poor in the United States. IndeedRead MorePros And Cons Of Capital Punishment1471 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Capital punishment is one of the most controversial ethical issues that our country faces these days. Capital punishment is the legal penalty of death for a person that has performed heinous acts in the eyes of the judicial system. Discussion on whether capital punishment is humane or considered cruel and unusual punishment has been the main issue this of debate for years. Recent discussion goes far beyond the act itself but now brings into question whether medical personal should

Relationship Between Unemployment and Crime Rate Among...

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Economic growth is fundamental for sustainable development. It is not possible, for a developing country, to ameliorate the quality of life of its growing population without economic growth. The relationship between government expenditure and economic growth has continued to generate series of debate among scholars. Government performs two functions- protection (and security) and provisions of certain public goods (Abdullah, 2000) and (Al-Yousif, 2000). Protection function consists of the creation of rule of law and enforcement of property rights. This helps to minimize risks of criminality, protect life and property, and the nation from external aggression. Under the provisions of public goods are†¦show more content†¦The specific objectives are: 1. To investigate the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth 2. To determine the significant effect of government expenditure on economic growth 3. To 4. To derive recommendations based on the research findings. 1.5 Significance of the Study The purpose of this study is to empirically re-examine the effect of government spending on the economic growth in Nigeria. Rising government expenditure has not translated to meaningful growth and development, as Nigeria ranks among the poorest countries in the world. In addition, many Nigerians have continued to wallow in abject poverty, while more than 50 percent live on less than US$2 per day. Couple with this, is dilapidated infrastructure (especially roads and power supply) that has led to the collapse of many industries, including high level of unemployment. Moreover, macroeconomic indicators like balance of payments, import obligations, inflation rate, exchange rate, and national savings reveal that Nigeria has not fared well in the last couple of years. Given the issues raised above, this research seeks to examine the effect of government expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria. The research work is organized as follows. Chapter 1 is the introduction, while chapter 2 contains literature review and theoretical framework. Chapter 3 consists of methodology andShow MoreRelatedYouth Unemployment in Nigeria4294 Words   |  18 PagesYOUTH UNEMPLOY MENT IN NIGERIA SOLVING THE PROBLEMS FROM THE ROOT SOLVING THE PROBLEMS FROM THE ROOT TABLE OF CONTENTS âÅ"“ ABSTRACT âÅ"“ INTRODUCTION âÅ"“ THE EFFECTS OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA âÅ"“ CAUSES OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT âÅ"“ LIFE INVESTORS FOUNDATION: INTRODUCTION âÅ"“ THE WORK PLAN †¢ ENTERPRISES †¢ WORK STUDY †¢ RESEARCH ACADEMY âÅ"“ OTHER STRATEGIES †¢ ANTICORRUPTION TEAM †¢ COLLATERAL BOARD †¢ RESOURCE AND INFORMATION CENTRERead MoreSocio-Economic and Demographic Features of Kidnapping in Nigeria: an Analytical Study5842 Words   |  24 PagesSOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF KIDNAPPING IN NIGERIA: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY Abstract This study analyzed and reviewed the Nigerian print media coverage of kidnapping cases between 2005 and 2011. The focus of the study was to determine socio-economic and demographic features of kidnapping in Nigeria. Content analysis was adopted for the study as well as use of frequency tables for analysis of data. Anomie theory of crime based on Robert K. Merton’s analysis of Durkheim’s theory providedRead MoreJuvenile Deliquency in Ibadan, Nigeria15127 Words   |  61 PagesJUVENILE DELIQUENCY IN IBADAN, NIGERIA CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION In the 1990s, juvenile delinquency has become a major global problem. The rising incidence of juvenile delinquency in many countries may be caused by certain socio-economic problems often associated with development. These includes; poverty, rapid population growth, unemployment, urbanization, industrialization, inadequate shelter and housing, youth unemployment, and under employment, breakdown of the family unit, inadequateRead MoreSWOT Analysis of Nigerian Business Environment24237 Words   |  97 PagesEnergy Market Analysis in Nigeria Daramola, Oladipo 2012 Leppà ¤vaara Laurea University of Applied Sciences Laurea Leppà ¤vaara Renewable Energy Market Analysis in Nigeria Daramola Oladipo Degree Programme in Business Information Technology Bachelor’s Thesis December, 2012 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Abstract Laurea Leppà ¤vaara Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Business Information Technology Daramola, Oladipo Renewable Energy Market Analysis in Nigeria Year 2012 Pages 110 ThisRead MoreCurbing Unemployment Through Skills Acquisition: a Study of the National Directorate of Employment (Nde), Kaduna State7193 Words   |  29 PagesCurbing Unemployment through Skills Acquisition: A Study of the National Directorate of Employment (NDE), Kaduna State By AMUPITAN, Oboromeni Federal University, Lokoja Nigeria January, 2011. ABSTRACT The paper â€Å"Curbing Unemployment through Skills acquisition: A case of the National Directorate of Employment (NDE)†Kaduna State is about unemployment and how it can be reduced through skills acquisition. This work is aimed at finding out how the NDE has reduced unemployment through its skills acquisitionRead MoreResearch Proposal on the Relationship Between Unemployment and Psychological Distress Among Graduates2019 Words   |  9 PagesPROPOSAL UNEMPLOYMENT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG GRADUATES BY UGWU KELECHI ESUT/PG/Msc/011/11785 LECTURER; CHIEDOZIE CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION This research project titled unemployment and psychologicalRead MoreBusiness and Small Scale Industries9686 Words   |  39 PagesTHE ROLE OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA Ayozie Daniel Ogechukwu, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria, The Federal Polytechnic, Ogun State, Nigeria Abstract A business whether small or big, simple of complex, private or public is created to provide competitive prices. Business in Nigeria has been classified as small, medium and large. In both the developed and developing countries, the government is turning to small and medium scale industries, as a meansRead MoreCountry Risk Analysis of Nigeria8877 Words   |  36 Pagesrisk of Nigeria. In this regard we have identified their culture, people, economy, investment, opportunity, some key problems like Corruption, bureaucracy, piracy, Counterfeit, Criminal activities and fraud, legal safeguards etc. This paper also intends to show the regulatory framework issue, m icro economic and macroeconomic issue to give a detailed picture of the Nigerian business Risk. But there are also upside risks especially to inflation, which could create challenges for Nigeria given emergingRead MoreUrban Areas Of Rural Areas9857 Words   |  40 Pagesachieved even before and after independence. Rural-urban migration still continues in Nigeria in the 21st century despite government’s claim of several rural development programs. Average rural inhabitant irrespective of age or sex desires opportunity to move the rural environment for city life. This brings negative signal for the already congested urban areas, particularly in areas of housing, sanitation, crimes and food security. Development of rural areas is measured by the availability of infrastructuresRead MoreChallenges of Youths in Our Contemporary World4314 Words   |  18 PagesCHALLENGES OF YOUTHS IN A MODERN WORLD The Longman Modern English Dictionary defines youth as â€Å"the state or quality of being young, the period from childhood to maturity; young people of both sexes†. A youth is characterized by features such as youngness, restlessness, strength, independence, curiosity; search fro greatness, vigor good, health etc. Pope John Paul II during his visit to Nigeria in 1982, addressed the youths in these words â€Å"Youth is the age of hope, of promise, of enthusiasm, of

Organisational Culture and Organisational Structure

Question: Discuss about theOrganisational Culture and Organisational Structure. Answer: Introduction Organisational culture is a system consists of explicit and implicit instructional techniques and policies, designed to outline the various work functions and responsibilities. Organisational culture signifies the combined values, beliefs and the ideologies of the members of an organisation and is a collective product of several factors such as, product, history, values, market strategies, employees, management strategies, national cultures, also the beliefs, norms, systems of the particular organisation. In this essay, the famous Australian supermarket chain Woolworths Limited is taken to analyse the organisational culture, the organisational structure, and the application within the organisation. (Methner, Hamann and Nilsson 2015) The major factors determining the organisational culture are symbols, rituals, story, and control and power link. The symbols in an organisational culture determine the human behaviour within the company. Symbols trigger to remind people the rules and regulations, beliefs and policies within the culture. They sometimes act as a simple way to keep the employees aligned. Those can also be used as the indication status with the organisational culture, containing office decor, clothing etc. The status symbols are indicators to use the proper behaviour with others in the hierarchy within the organisation (Neuhaus et al. 2014). The symbols determine the appropriate attitude towards other employees according to their status and position in the company. There might be several symbols around a company, starting from welcoming cultural members around the globe to the pictures of different products on the walls. Rituals are an integral element in an organisational culture. It generally contribu tes to the operating process of the company. The rituals are the procedure or the set of proceedings, which are repeated in a specific situation with a particular meaning, but it also had a symbolic part to embody the values of the company. The stories within an organisation are the sequence of true events, though often exaggerated when told to the new employees. The most common narratives in an organisation are the stories of the founders or the chief leaders, the challenges they have faced and their way to deal with those hurdles etc. In a way, these stories are mainly used to encourage the employees; also, these are the medium of carrying the legacy in a company. The organisational culture also influences the management to have a control over its employees. If the management has a definite form of guidance, well-described jobs, and authoritative decision taking procedures, it is considered to have a formal process of control over its employees, whereas, the collective decision-ma king process is considered a cultural way of control. This also depends on the power link within the organisation, which describes the hierarchy (Persson 2013). With respect to the in-house environment in Woolworths, there are few major points in implementing the organisational culture. Woolworths has always been an example of excellent leadership and creating a sustainable environment by closely working with their suppliers. They have improved their amount of profit and overall organisational culture through it as well. The workspace is considered as a driver of the performance of the employees. The culture creates a sense of continuity, order and commitment in the employees, so that they can work with dedication. Having a perfectly implemented organisational culture establishes a sense of positivity within the employees, so that they also have the encouragement for work (Persson 2013). Woolworths always aims to improve their organisational culture by involving themselves in the community and working together towards the constant growth of the company. This always helps to improve the personality of an employee, where he has the correct amb ience to work (Shields et al. 2015). There are few challenges in implementing the organisational culture in a company, because there are always commitment issue among the employees. Different teams might have issues against each other, like the sales and the accounts team can turn against each other; logistics and manufacturing team might have conflicts between them on the basis of creating new products. This can always affect the productivity of the company. However, several surveys show that, to increase the employee loyalty, the leadership needs to be effective and strong, and the personal issues should be kept aside when it comes to company growth. Organisational Structure Organisational structure can be an ambiguous term to determine, but to state it minimally, it can be said that it defines a specific hierarchy in a company of every shape and size. However, the organisational strategy is the plan to execute the use of the primary resources in the company. The organisational structure plays a major role to achieve the general strategy in a company, where the organisational culture plays a very important role to accomplish the company policies as well. There are several issues in a company for the execution of the organisational structure; one of the major issues is the function. Several companies use vertical or horizontal structure to grow rapidly. Mostly small companies use the horizontal structure, where the manager can directly contact the president. It also defines the distribution of authority within the organisation. The company needs to channelize their communication flow through the team leaders, so that the employees do not get confused about the reporting. In fact, the structure helps the employers define the skills of their employees as well. The linear structure helps the superintendents to evaluate the progress of the work of their employees (Sorensen and Stanton 2013). If the work-progresses are sorted within the company, it is helpful in achieving the targets as well. It can also be said, that the structure promotes teamwork, where all the employees work towards a common goal. The structure also allows the change i n the company policy. In other words, the structure is helpful to regulate the company policies. The six key element of organisational structure are Work specialization, Departmentalisation, Chain of command, Span of control, Centralisation and decentralisation, and Formalisation. The company structure entirely depends on these key elements and they determine the flow of the strategies as well. (Hubbard, Rice and Galvin 2014) Woolworths is a popular company, grown rapidly within few years, and has around 400 stores all over Australia. The company is known to be polite and respectful towards their employees and considers them the biggest assets in the organisation. Woolworths always believe in assigning right job to right people. They always work together to make their employees better and more committed retailers. Woolworths has classified their organisation into different sectors to departmentalize their tasks (Lozano 2013). In the organisation, the chain of command is a continuous flow of control, where an employee is answerable to his direct superintendent. The sales managers of both the retail and the wholesale accounts are answerable to the director of sales. The functional and the divisional structure of Woolworths is divided in a designed way. The company follows the divisional structure, where the general manager of any retail outlet is always responsible for their performances in every sector. There are several challenges in the implementation of the organisational structure like the communication problem, delegation of responsibility in different sectors etc. Apart from that, the implementation can cost a fortune for the company. Nevertheless, there are few proposed changes can be done, like developing the right job description for the employee, so that there will not be any confusion or difficulty in assigning any task (Bailey 2016). If there are huge gaps between the job requirement and the employee profile, the growth of the company can be hampered. The company can plan an organisational chart after a certain interval to avoid misunderstanding. Reference List Bailey, M., 2016. Absorptive Capacity, International Business Knowledge Transfer, and Local Adaptation: Establishing Discount Department Stores in Australia.Australian Economic History Review. Hubbard, G., Rice, J. and Galvin, P., 2014.Strategic management. Pearson Australia. Lozano, R., 2013. Are companies planning their organisational changes for corporate sustainability? An analysis of three case studies on resistance to change and their strategies to overcome it.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,20(5), pp.275-295. Methner, N., Hamann, R. and Nilsson, W., 2015. The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader: The Development of Strategic and Boundary Spanning Organizational Innovation Capabilities in Woolworths. InThe Business of Social and Environmental Innovation(pp. 87-104). Springer International Publishing. Neuhaus, M., Healy, G.N., Fjeldsoe, B.S., Lawler, S., Owen, N., Dunstan, D.W., LaMontagne, A.D. and Eakin, E.G., 2014. Iterative development of Stand Up Australia: a multi-component intervention to reduce workplace sitting.International journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity,11(1), p.1. Persson, G., 2013. Organisation design strategies for business logistics.International Journal of Physical Distribution Materials Management. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Sorensen, L.J. and Stanton, N.A., 2013. Y is best: How Distributed Situational Awareness is mediated by organisational structure and correlated with task success.Safety science,56, pp.72-79.

President Andrew Jackson Essays - Cherokee Nation,

President Andrew Jackson President Andrew Jackson Like any hall of fame, its inductees are the best in whatever they do, from baseball or football to something like being President. If you are a member of any hall of fame (including the one for the Presidents), it means that you have done something special or have a certain quality about yourself that makes you worthy to be in a hall of fame. My nominee for the Presidents hall of Fame is our seventh President of the United States, Andrew Jackson. I'll go over his presidency, focusing on both the highs and the lows of his two terms in office, from 1829-1837. The issues that I'll focus on are states' rights, nullification, the tariff, the spoils system, Indian removal and banking policies; these controversies brought forth strong rivalry over his years of president. He was known for his iron will and fiery personality, and strong use of the powers of his office that made his years of presidency to be known as the "Age of Jackson." Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767, in a settlement on the border of North and South Carolina. He was orphaned at age 14. After studying law and becoming a member of the Bar in North Carolina later he moved to Nashville Tennessee. Their he became a member of a powerful political faction led by William Blount. He was married in 1791 to Rachel Donelson Robards, and later remarried to him due to a legal mistake in her prior divorce in 1794. Jackson served as delegate to Tenn. in the 1796 Constitutional convention and a congressman for a year (from 1796-97). He was elected senator in 1797, but financial problems forced him to resign and return to Tennessee in less than a year. Later he served as a Tennessee superior court judge for six years starting in 1798. In 1804 he retired from the bench and moved to Nashville and devoted time to business ventures and his plantation. At this time his political career looked over. In 1814 Jackson was a Major General in the Tennessee Militia, here he was ordered to march against the Creek Indians (who were pro-British in the war of 1812). His goal was achieved at Horseshoe Bend in March of 1814. Eventually he forced All Indians from the area. His victory's impressed some people in Washington and Jackson was put in command of the defense of New Orleans. This show of American strength made Americans feel proud after a war filled with military defeats. Jackson was given the nickname "Old Hickory", and was treated as a national hero. In 1817 he was ordered against the Seminole Indians. He pushed them back into Spanish Florida and executed two British subjects. Jackson instead that his actions were with approval of the Monroe administration. His actions helped to acquire the Florida territory, and he became a provisional governor of Florida that same year. In 1822 the Tennessee Legislature nominated him for president and the following year he was elected the U.S. senate. He also nearly won the presidential campaign of 1824 however as a result of the "corrupt bargain" with Henry Clay. Over the next four years the current administration built a strong political machine with nationalistic policies and a lack of concern of states rights. In 1828 through a campaign filled with mud slinging on both sides, Andrew Jackson became the seventh President to the United States. Instead of the normal cabinet made up by the president, he relied more on an informal group of newspaper writers and northern politicians who had worked for his election. I believe that this made him more in contact with the people of the United States, more in contact with the public opinion and feelings toward national issues President Jackson developed the system of "rotation in office." This was used to protect the American people from a development of a long-standing political group by removing long-term office holders. His enemies accused him of corruption of civil service for political reasons. However, I think that it was used to insure loyalty of the people in his administration. States rights played an important part in Jackson's policy's as president. In the case of the Cherokee Indians vs. The State of Georgia, two Supreme Court decisions in 1831 and 1832 upholding the rights of the Cherokee nation over the State of Georgia who had wanted to destroy Cherokee jurisdiction on it's land because gold had been found on it, and the state seeing the Indians as tenants on state land decided to "kick them out". Chief Justice